Diving Deeper into IBTs

September 20, 2024

What is an IBT?

If you follow us online, you’ve probably seen the letters “IBT” tossed around over the last few months. But what is an IBT and why do we keep mentioning it?

IBT stands for “Interbasin Transfer,” or a process in which surface water is taken from a “donor” or “source” river basin and transferred to a “receiving” basin. Typically, IBTs are created because of a public water system’s need to increase the amount of water available to meet demand, or because a water system lies within two different river basins and draws water from one and discharges into the other. In 1993, North Carolina passed an “Act to Regulate Interbasin Transfers” that required a certificate from the North Carolina Environmental Management Commission (EMC) to permit any surface water transfers between river basins that were greater than 2 million gallons per day (MGD).


How many IBTs exist in North Carolina?

Currently, there are nine IBT certificates effectively regulating 11 water systems throughout the state. Additionally, 10 water systems are permitted to transfer more than two MGD through grandfathered allowances. Smaller surface water transfers between basins also exist, with six systems transferring between 1 and 2 MGD, and 106 systems transferring less than 1 MGD.


What's happening in Charlotte?

Charlotte Water draws water for the region from intakes on Lake Norman and Mountain Island Lake, both of which are in the Catawba-Wateree River Basin. However, with the city of Charlotte being situated partially in the Catawba-Wateree River Basin and partially in the Yadkin-Pee Dee River Basin, Charlotte Water currently uses an interbasin transfer certificate to discharge a portion of the region’s wastewater into the Yadkin-Pee Dee River Basin. As Charlotte regions located in the Yadkin-Pee Dee River Basin continue to grow (areas such as Mint Hill and Huntersville), Charlotte Water is predicting that the current IBT certificate that allows the transfer of 33 MGD will not be sufficient in the coming years. Because of this, they are requesting an increase to the certificate as they look towards the future. Click here to learn more about Charlotte Water’s IBT request.


Looking back and looking ahead.

In North Carolina, IBT requests must include water demand projections in 10-year increments for at least 30-years. Requests in this state must also meet the most extensive requirements in the Southeast, and the process can take anywhere from 3-5 years. Though this might seem like long-term planning, we don’t think this planning is long-term enough. Catawba Riverkeeper has been raising concerns about overallocation ever since Charlotte requested to expand its legacy IBT of 16.9 MGD to the current 33 MGD 23 years ago. We spoke out again in 2006 during the 2006 IBT request of Concord & Kannapolis, again in 2010 during the SC vs. NC Supreme Court case, and once again in 2013 on Charlotte’s permit to include the Goose Creek Watershed. The population is continuing to grow, correlating with the increased demand for water, and continuing to increase IBT certificates for decades to come has the possibility to adversely affect the receiving basin, donor basin, and downstream communities. We believe that it is critical to focus on long-term conservation and mitigation solutions instead of continuing to request these increases as short-term fixes.


What’s Catawba Riverkeeper doing?

Since Charlotte announced their increase request, we have been following developments and attending the public scoping meetings. Catawba Riverkeeper Brandon Jones shared preliminary comments at the final meeting in Rock Hill, SC, and on August 30, our official comments and recommendations for this interbasin transfer request were submitted to Charlotte’s IBT Project.


In these comments, Jones stated that “We are advocating that Charlotte take this opportunity to lead the region into the next phase of water conservation and mitigation. We need a new system that better captures the value of our surface waters for current and future generations. There are many ways to decrease the demand for transfers per capita and increase the available supply, all of which should be fully vetted.”

Click here to read the rest of our comments and recommendations.


What’s next?

Now that the public scoping meetings have concluded and comments from stakeholders have been submitted, NC DEQ will create an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). This statement will examine potential impacts to both the source and receiving basins, including drought and conservation impacts. The EIS will also evaluate the possible alternatives to the proposed transfer as well as methods to mitigate negative impacts of it. Once drafted, the North Carolina Environmental Management Commission (EMC) will hold a public hearing and open another comment period to evaluate the draft. If approved, Charlotte Water will then be able to submit the IBT modification request to NC DEQ. The EMC will issue a draft decision of whether to grant the request, and another public hearing and comment period will commence. A final decision will then be made by the Environmental Management Commission.

We will be following every step of this process, so stay tuned for more updates in the months and years to come.


Sources

Charlotte Water Interbasin Transfer. Charlotte Water. (n.d.).

https://www.charlottenc.gov/water/DevelopmentBusiness/Charlotte-Water-IBT

NC DEQ. (2022, March 10). Regulatory Impact Analysis: Interbasin Surface Water Transfers. 

https://www.deq.nc.gov/emc-attach-10mar22-6/open

River Network. (2019). Protecting and Restoring Flows in Our Southeastern Rivers: A Synthesis of State Policies for Water Security and Sustainability.

http://www.rivernetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/River-Network-Protecting-Restoring-Flows-in-SE-Rivers-2019.pdf 

Comments on the Charlotte Data Center Moratorium

May 27, 2026
On the evening of May 26th, 2026, Catawba Riverkeeper Brandon Jones attended the Charlotte City Council Public Meeting. At this meeting, he shared our organization's comments on the proposed 150-day data center moratorium. These comments can be read below. "The Catawba Riverkeeper Foundation is a member-funded environmental nonprofit that educates, advocates, and protects the Catawba-Wateree River and all its tributaries. Our organization represents over 8,000 active members and nearly 3 million citizens who rely on the watershed for drinking water, recreation, and electricity. We are concerned that the growth of local data centers may overallocate our limited resources and decrease our ability to respond to drought. We appreciate the opportunity to comment on the proposed 150-day moratorium and strongly support the staff's recommendation to adopt it. Additionally, if adopted, we recommend that the study consider a tiered approach, transparency, and net water consumption. For our water resources, the most important data center metric is net water use. A 400 MW facility—like the one now under construction on Moores Chapel Road—may actually evaporate more water indirectly than directly for cooling. The nearby Catawba Nuclear Station uses approximately 30 MGD to produce 2,300 MW or 5.2 MGD from Lake Wylie per 400 MW. However, without transparency and reporting, it is difficult to know the current impact of these data centers and almost impossible to accurately forecast the industry's future. The most accurate forecast of our region's water resources is the Catawba Wateree Water Management Group’s 2026 Integrated Water Resources Plan. Unfortunately, this plan explicitly does not include increases in water use from data centers due to limited reliable information. It is absolutely critical that our community has accurate information. We need full transparency on the planned electrical and water use of large data centers. A ban of nondisclosure agreements between elected officials and developers could help alleviate suspicion and allow communities to make informed decisions about tradeoffs. The potential direct and indirect impact s of a project should be modeled by the CWWMG to determine its actual impacts. Those impacts could be mitigated by funding water conservation projects, as some data centers have already proposed. Once operating, we need reporting on the actual water and energy use. The cumulative impact must be understood to ensure capacity and resiliency. Water withdrawers from the Catawba utilize a Low Inflow Protocol during drought to help stretch the available supply. Large data centers need conservation plans that comply with this plan. It is hypocritical to ask residents and some businesses to restrict water use while permitting facilities that cannot or will not do the same. Most years, there is plenty of water for drinking, irrigation, ecological flows, and industry in the Catawba. However, droughts such as 2001, 2007, and today expose our vulnerabilities. These droughts are more likely in a warming climate, and we are becoming less resilient with a growing population and industrial demands. Sustainable water management requires careful planning and robust coordination between users, including data centers."

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All About Live Stakes

February 19, 2026
Live staking is a streambank restoration approach that reduces erosion and sediment pollution. This is the practice of planting dormant branch cuttings of native plants along streambanks (also known as riparian zones) to help hold soil in place along the waters' edge. Live stakes are planted along with native plant seeds and shrubs to create riparian buffers, which help prevent sediment from becoming a stream pollutant by securing the soil in place with good root systems. Riparian buffers also filter out other pollutants, such as chemicals, oils, fertilizers, and trash, before they enter our waterways.